Study Guide 2 (Midterm 2)

1. What was the Warring States period? Who did it involve why was it important?

2. What were the political, social and economic consequences of this period?

3. Who was Confucius? What did he teach? How did his philosophies influence China? What political and social order did his teachings establish?

4. What changes were made in Confucian thought by later followers? How did this change the political or social structures sought after?

5. What was Daoism? How was it different from Confucian thought? How did this influence social and political order?

6. What was the significance of the Qin dynasty?

7. What impact did Sunzi’s political philosophy have?

8. How did the Han institutionalize Confucian political philosophy? How did the impact their political stronghold? What social ramifications came from such structure?

9. What were the status of the scholar-gentry, women, peasants, merchants and artisans under the Han dynasty?

10.
Define:
Qin
Shi Huangdi
Confucius
Mencius
Laozi
Daoism
Legalists
Great Wall
Sunzi
Liu Bang
Han
Scholar-gentry
Secret societies
Forbidden city
Wang Mang
Eunuchs

11. Who was Muhammad and where was he born? How was he “chosen?”

12. What was the nature of Bedouin society before Muhammad received his revelation?

13. What was the purpose of Islam? Who made up the original followers? How did Islam address the problems in Arabian society?

14. Why is the jihad so important? How noble is it?

15. What was the nature and extent of the Umayyad Empire and what let to its’ fall?

16. What were the achievements of the Arab phase of Islamic development ending in 750?

17. How was the Abbasid Empire different from the Umayyad? Describe the Abbasid economy, role of women, social structure, theological developments and weaknesses within the empire.

18. What were “common elements” in African societies? How did Islam enter Africa?

19. What were the Sundanic states and how were they organized?

20. How were the beliefs of Islam and indigenous societies integrated? What was the connection between East Africa and Islam?

21. Define:
Bedouin
Mecca
Koran (Qur’an)
Umma
Zakat
Caliph
Jihad
Crusaders
Ibn Khaldun
Sufis
Mongols
Arabic numerals
Sati
Stateless societies
Sundiata
Griots
Demographic transition


22. What significance did the Byzantine Empire have to the civilizations of Europe? Compare and contrast the development of civilizations in Eastern and Western Europe.

23. How does Orthodox Christianity differ from Roman Catholicism?

24. Compare and contrast Byzantine and Chinese political organization.

25. What was the political structure under the Byzantine Empire? And throughout Europe? Who were citizens? Who were not? Who participated in politics? What was the relationship between the king and his subjects?

26. What were the major religious beliefs of these societies? How was opulence justified? What was the relationship between church and state?

27. Discuss the arts: literature, sculpting, painting, and drama/philosophy.

28. What factors led to the decline of Byzantine? How did Byzantine influence Russia?

29. Why did political development of Eastern Europe fall behind Western Europe?

30. Who were Erec and Enide? What do the King Arthur stories tell us about the culture of that time?

31. Define:
Hagia Sophia
Bulgaria
Icons
Iconoclasm
Cyril and Methodius
Kiev
Russian Orthodoxy
Boyars

32. What were the social structures of Korea, Vietname, China, India and Japan like in each of these societies? What were family life and gender relations like?
What were the religious beliefs? How did these beliefs support or hurt the corresponding governments? What was man’s role in life? His relationship with god or ancestors?

33. What major wars took place and how did that influence these communities?

34. What types of laws existed? How were the governments structured? How were the roles of individuals defined by the law?

35. What types of trade occurred? What were the major goods traded? How did trade impact the society?

36. What was the apparent level of literacy in these communities?

37. What is a warrior and what is their code of ethics like?

38. What led to the decline of these communities/dynasties?


39. Define:

Period of Six Dynasties
Jinshi
Chan Buddhism (Zen)
Grand Canal
Junks
Samurai
Seppuku
Shoguns

40. Who were the Christians? What was the relationship between the Hebrews and the Christians? How were their values/religions different from one another?

41. Discuss Christian theology.

42. What types of laws changed under the Christian church? And what did the religious code do to the relations between man and god, genders, social structure and worship in Christianity?

43. How did the Christians influence Rome? How were the Christians influenced by Rome?

44. According to Matthew and Luke, who is Jesus of Nazareth? What were some of the miracles done by Jesus of Nazareth told in Matthew and Luke?

45. What happened to the prophet, Jesus? Why did the Hebrew reject Jesus of Nazareth? What happened to Jesus’ disciples?

46. What elements in the Christian church can still be seen today?

47. Define:
Natural Law
Heaven
Jesus of Nazareth
Paul
Bethlehem
John the Baptist
Peter
Crucifixion

48. What are the origins of the Native Americans? How did isolation affect their social development?

49. What was the social structure of most American groups? And the role of women?

50. Discuss sedentary agriculture in Meso America. What crops were domesticated? What animals?

51. What were the class distinctions? How was leadership gained or maintained? Who were slaves? What types of political structure existed in Meso American communities?

52. What was Meso American religion like? Were there separate priest/government classes?

53. Where was Teotihuacán located? What is suggested from their art? Were state and government mixed?

54. What led to the decline of Teotihuacán?

55. Discuss the Mayans of southern Mexico and Central America. How was the nation structured? Did they have writing? Calendars? Mathematics?

56. What were some of the way Mayans supported a population of up to 5 million? What were the roles of men and women? Were families patrilineal?

57. What was the Popol Vuh? How was the world created? What is the significance of the twins? What does this tell us about the relationship between man and god?

58. What were the Andean peoples like? How were some of their agricultural techniques unique? What animals did they domesticate?

59. Who were the Inca? What were Macchu Picchu and Sacsahuman? Where was Cuzco located and how was the city designed? How long did their empire last?

60. Did all Native American groups use writing? Mathematics? Calendaring? What were the various architectures like? Why were they different?

61. Define:
Maize
“Long count”
Puna
Toltec
Solar Cycle
Ayllu
Puma
Macchu Picchu

Map:
Constantinople
Byzantine
Medina
Mecca
Cordoba
Rome
Korea
Vietnam
China
Japan
Bombay
Calcutta
Tikal
Teotihuacan